Do military officers have more control over their careers then enlisted?

Yes, they do. I can only speak to the Navy and Marine Corps. At a more junior level, many officers actually know the folks who write their orders --their detailers(USN)/monitors(USMC)-- personally which certainly can make a difference. As you get more senior, in many cases your community will negotiate where folks will go and the C.O.s and Commodores will go to the detailer and express the desires of the community. If you have a good Skipper or Commodore he or she will ensure that you have a solid grasp of what is best for your career, ensure they are aware of your desires, and then they will go to bat for you in this process. My last two sets of orders were arranged by senior officers in my community--Helicopter Anti-Submarine Warfare (Light)--with no direct contact between me and the detailer. Enlisted orders mostly just put you into the best fit based on your wishes and what requirements exist that must be filled. Officer orders are far more of a negotiation process, and as you get more senior, far more of a team-building and best fit process which take personalities and experience into account with many hands involved.